17.11.19

Self-taught vs. university-educated?





By Juan Manuel Haran
Are you considering a career in cybersecurity? What learning path(s) should you take? Does formal education matter? ESET experts share their insights.

With cyberthreats on the rise, cybersecurity professionals are, unsurprisingly, a hot commodity. According to a recent study by Cybersecurity Ventures, there will be 350% growth in open cybersecurity positions from 2013 to 2021 and it is estimated that, due to the talent crunch, there will be 3.5 million job openings in the industry by 2021.

With that in mind, one of our articles to mark this year’s Antimalware Day features insights from several ESET security researchers. We asked them a series of questions to learn how they built their expertise and to gather their thoughts about the usefulness of formal education versus self-study for becoming a security practitioner.

Learn all by yourself?
While more and more colleges and universities worldwide offer degree programs in computer security, far from all academic institutions have launched such programs. Indeed, many experts in the field are self-taught and/or have acquired their skills through various non-academic courses and certifications.

ESET Distinguished Researcher Aryeh Goretsky, who embarked on a career in IT security in the late 1980s, notes that back then there weren’t actually any courses or certifications specifically focused on computer security.
“Computer security was taught, but it was largely in terms of models for access control, and I think tended to focus more on the concept of securing multiple-user computer systems and users’ access to them being seen as more of an atomic model than as bits and pieces of a larger, more globally-interconnected system. So, the people who were interested in the concept of cybersecurity, of how disparate computers and networks might behave towards each other, kind of had to self-teach. Some of that might come from reading standard computer science and engineering and reference tomes, and learning about computer and network operations, but some of that knowledge came from… shall we say, unofficial and very hands-on experimentation,” he explains.

This is echoed by Marc-Etienne M.Léveillé, a malware researcher at ESET’s lab in Canada who studied software development and computer engineering. “The things I have learned in college or university aren’t directly relevant for my position as a security researcher. I had to learn about many aspects of security on my own,” he says.

This is no doubt also the case with many other experts. There are a multitude of online learning resources these days, including countless massive open online courses (MOOCs) for people with various levels of skills and experience. Also, social networks, notably Twitter, and many other online services, including YouTube, offer great opportunities for people keen to exchange knowledge and experience, ultimately enabling them to learn from one another.

“It is true that the technology and security community is growing and many people are happy to share their knowledge, which allows newcomers to get support from established professionals,” says ESET Brazil researcher Daniel Cunha Barbosa. “While self-learning is a possible path and it is how many experts in the industry received their training, it is not the only option,” he adds.

Indeed, while security professionals need to continue to learn on their own and sharpen their skills almost daily, many will agree that there’s an undeniable value in academic training.
“If I had to do it again, I’d still choose to go through college and university. Both gave me the opportunity to meet people and participate in extra-curricular activities such as competitions and security conferences that I enjoyed so much. Some schools also offer internships, which also helps getting started in the field,” says Léveillé.

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